Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a long-term condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerves (myelin) in the brain and spinal cord. When myelin is damaged, nerve signals do not travel smoothly. This can cause problems with movement, vision, balance, and sensation.

MS symptoms can come and go, or slowly get worse over time. The condition varies from person to person, so treatment is usually personalized.

Why this category matters

MS often needs ongoing care to:

• Reduce flare-ups (relapses)
• Slow disease activity
• Manage daily symptoms like fatigue, stiffness, and nerve pain
• Support mobility and quality of life

This category typically includes medicines used for long-term MS control and symptom support, based on a specialist’s plan.

Common symptoms of MS

MS symptoms can vary a lot, but common ones include:

• Numbness or tingling in arms or legs
• Weakness in limbs
• Vision problems (blurred vision, pain with eye movement)
• Balance problems or dizziness
• Muscle stiffness or spasms
• Fatigue that does not improve with rest
• Trouble walking or coordination issues
• Bladder problems (urgency, frequent urination)
• Memory or focus problems in some people

Types of MS

Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)

Symptoms come in attacks (relapses) that then partially or fully improve.

Secondary progressive MS (SPMS)

Starts as relapsing-remitting, then gradually becomes more progressive.

Primary progressive MS (PPMS)

Symptoms slowly worsen from the beginning, without clear relapses.

How MS is diagnosed

Doctors usually diagnose MS using symptoms, exam findings, and tests such as:

MRI (brain and spinal cord)

Helps detect areas of inflammation and nerve damage.

Lumbar puncture (CSF test)

Checks for certain immune markers that support the diagnosis.

Evoked potentials

Measures how fast nerve signals travel (helps detect hidden nerve pathway damage).

Blood tests may also be performed to rule out other conditions that can mimic MS.

Treatment approach

MS treatment generally focuses on three areas:

Treating relapses

Short-term medicines may be used to reduce inflammation during flare-ups.

Long-term disease control

Medicines called disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are used to reduce disease activity and help protect nerve function over time.

Symptom management

Support treatments may be used for fatigue, nerve pain, muscle stiffness, walking difficulty, mood changes, and bladder issues.

Daily care tips that often help

• Keep active with gentle exercise and physiotherapy
• Maintain good sleep and stress control
• Avoid overheating if it worsens symptoms
• Follow a balanced diet and stay hydrated
• Use mobility aids if needed to prevent falls
• Regular follow-up helps adjust treatment early

When to seek urgent medical help

Get medical help quickly if you have:

• Sudden vision loss or severe eye pain
• New weakness on one side or trouble walking suddenly
• Severe dizziness with falling
• Confusion, severe headache, or fainting
• New symptoms that worsen quickly over hours to days

Explore MS care options

Browse this category to find medicines and support options for long-term MS control and symptom relief, chosen based on individual needs and specialist guidance.